If an animal is not exhibiting symptoms of rabies then it is not possible for it to transmit the disease. The disease only becomes contagious once the animal starts to exhibit symptoms. So no, you can't get rabies from an asymptomatic animal.
The standard quarantine time for an animal suspected of rabies is 10 days, which is double the amount of time that it would take a rabid animal to die of the disease. The quarantine time frame was doubled simply as a precautionary measure. If it's been longer than 10 days and the animal isn't dead, then it doesn't have rabies and couldn't infect you.